The evidence also discloses a reasonable indication that the dumping and subsidizing have caused injury and are threatening to cause injury to the Canadian industry producing like goods. The complainant provided evidence to support the allegations that CRS from the named countries have been dumped and subsidized. Ělso on May 23, 2018, consultations were held between the Government of Canada and the Government of South Korea. The CBSA considered the representations made by the Government of Vietnam in its analysis. During the consultations, the Government of Vietnam made representations with respect to the evidence presented in the non-confidential version of the subsidy complaint and provided them in writing. On consultations were held between the Government of Canada and the Government of Vietnam. The CBSA considered the representations made by the Government of China in its analysis. On May 17, 2018, the Government of China provided written representations related to the consultations. During the consultations, the Government of China made representations with respect to its views on the evidence presented in the non-confidential version of the subsidy complaint. On May 15, 2018, consultations were held between the Government of Canada and the Government of China via video conference. The governments of China, South Korea and Vietnam were also provided with the non-confidential version of the subsidy complaint and were invited for consultations pursuant to Article 13.1 of the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures, prior to the initiation of the subsidy investigation.
The CBSA also notified the governments of China, South Korea and Vietnam that a properly documented complaint had been received. On April 26, 2018, pursuant to paragraph 32(1)(a) of the Special Import Measures Act (SIMA), the CBSA informed the complainant that the complaint was properly documented. The complainant alleged that the dumping and subsidizing have caused injury and are threatening to cause injury to the Canadian industry producing like goods. The pixel paradigm is beginning to show cracks and the OBIA methods are making considerable progress towards a spatially explicit information extraction workflow, such as is required for spatial planning as well as for many monitoring programmes.On April 5, 2018, the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) received a written complaint from ArcelorMittal Dofasco G.P., of Hamilton, Ontario, (hereinafter, “the complainant”), alleging that imports of certain cold-rolled steel in coils or cut lengths (CRS) from the People’s Republic of China (China), the Republic of Korea (South Korea) and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (Vietnam) (hereafter “the named countries”) are being dumped and subsidized. It becomes evident that the first years of the OBIA/GEOBIA developments were characterised by the dominance of ‘grey’ literature, but that the number of peer-reviewed journal articles has increased sharply over the last four to five years. Through a comprehensive literature review several thousand abstracts have been screened, and more than 820 OBIA-related articles comprising 145 journal papers, 84 book chapters and nearly 600 conference papers, are analysed in detail. In contrast to typical Landsat resolutions, high resolution images support several scales within their images. Around the year 2000 GIS and image processing started to grow together rapidly through object based image analysis (OBIA - or GEOBIA for geospatial object based image analysis). The most common approach used for building objects is image segmentation, which dates back to the 1970s. This paper gives an overview of the development of object based methods, which aim to delineate readily usable objects from imagery while at the same time combining image processing and GIS functionalities in order to utilize spectral and contextual information in an integrative way. As long as pixel sizes remained typically coarser than, or at the best, similar in size to the objects of interest, emphasis was placed on per-pixel analysis, or even sub-pixel analysis for this conversion, but with increasing spatial resolutions alternative paths have been followed, aimed at deriving objects that are made up of several pixels.
Remote sensing imagery needs to be converted into tangible information which can be utilised in conjunction with other data sets, often within widely used Geographic Information Systems (GIS).